
Paedophilia: Information Sources
My working bibliography of the best published material I've found, while researching the subject.
A note on puberty:
Some of the hardest information to find, yet the most interesting, is data on the dramatic drop in the age-of-puberty across time (and its increasing equalisation across class divisions). This drop has meant that the onset of puberty in the UK has dropped from an average 16.5 years for females and 17.5 for males in 1840, to 11.9 and 13.1 years repectively in 1993, and it is still dropping year-on-year. This biological shift, intertwined with economic and class factors, may be one of the main forces underlying the social construction of 'the paedophile' during the last hundred years in the West.
1) HISTORICAL - SECONDARY SOURCES
(Updated, April 1999)
Aristoff, N.S. Girl-Love and Girl-lust in 19th Century England. Passion Press, New York, 1992.
Bailey, Victor. and Blackburn, Shelia.
The Punishment of Incest Act 1908 - a case study of law creation.
CRIMINAL LAW REVIEW, 1979. pp. 708-718.Beisel, N.
Imperiled Innocents - Anthony Comstock and Family Reproduction in Victorian America. Princeton University Press, 1997. 296 ppBeckson, Karl. London in the 1890s. London, Norton, 1991. (Especially 'Love in Earnest: the importance of being Uranian', pp. 186 ff.)
Behlmer, George. Child Abuse and Moral Reform in England, 1870-1908. Stanford University Press, 1982.
Bristow, E.J. Vice and Vigilance - purity movements in Britain since 1700. Gill & Macmillian, Dublin, 1977.
Burnett, John.
The History of Childhood.
HISTORY TODAY (SUPPLEMENT), 33 (Dec.), 1983.Cominos, Peter.
Late-Victorian Sexual Respectability and the Social System.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL HISTORY, 8, 1963. pp. 18-48.Davis, Lloyd (Ed.) Virginal Sexuality and Textuality in Victorian Literature. State UNYP, New York, 1993. 257pp.
Dyhouse, Carol.
Girls Growing Up in Late Victorian and Edwardian England. Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd, London, 1981.Edwards, S.H.
Pretty Babies - art, erotica, or kiddie porn ?
HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHY, vol 18, Spring 94. pp. 38-46Eglington, J.Z. (Psued.) Greek Love. Oliver Layton Press, New York, 1964. 504pp. ('Comprehensive and scholarly historical study of paederasty from ancient to modern times. Very good on 19th century literature)
Fishman, Stirling.
The History of Childhood Sexuality.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY (UK), Vol.17, No.2, 1982. pp. 269-283.Fraser, Morris. The Death of Narcissus. London. Secker and Warburg, 1976. (Survey of paedophilia in English literature)
Gibson, Ian. The English Vice - beatings, sex and shame in Victorian England and after. London, Duckworth, 1978.
Gillis, John Randall. Youth and History - tradition and change in European age relations, 1770-present. Academic Press, 1974. (Some useful references to changes in age of puberty)
Gorham, D.
The 'maiden tribute of modern Babylon' re-examined - child prostitution and the idea of childhood in late Victorian England.
VICTORIAN STUDIES, Vol. 21, 1978. pp. 353-379Gorham, Deborah. The Victorian Girl and the feminine ideal. London, Croom Helm, 1982.
Hare, E.H.
Masturbatory Insanity - the history of an idea.
JOURNAL OF MENTAL SCIENCE, Vol. 108, 1962. pp. 1-25.Hendrick, Harry. Images of Youth - Age, Class, and the Male Youth Problem, 1880-1920.
James, Allison. & Prout, Alan. Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood - contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood. London. Falmer Press, 1990.
Contains:Hendrick, Harry. 'Constructions and Reconstructions of British Childhood: an interpretative survey, 1800 to the present'. (pp. 35-59) [ A useful overview of the history of different conceptions of 'children' & 'childhood'. ]
Hickson, Alisdare. The Poisoned Bowl - sex, repression and the public school system. UK, 1995.
Has a chapter of erotic friendships between masters and boys.Hilliard, David. (1982)
UnEnglish and UnManly: Anglo-Catholicism and Homosexuality.
VICTORIAN STUDIES, Vol. 25, No. 2, Winter 1982. pp.Houghton, Walter. The Victorian Frame of Mind. London, ? (Chapter 13 gives a concise account of Victorian attitudes towards sexuality)
Hyam, Ronald. Empire and Sexuality - the British experience. Manchester University Press. Manchester and New York, 1990
Kincaid, J. R. Child-Loving; the erotic child and Victorian culture. London. Routledge, 1993.
Mavor, Carol. 'Dream Rushes - Lewis Carroll's photographs of the little girl'. IN: Nelson, Cladia. and Vallone, Lynne. The Girl's Own - cultural histories of the anglo-American girl, 1830-1915. Athens and London. University of Georgia Press, 1994. ISBN 0820316156. (Pages 156-193. 15 illustrations - several nudes, bibliography.)
Mitchell, Sally. The New Girl - Girls' Culture in England, 1880-1915.
Mort, Frank. Dangerous Sexualities - medico-moral politics in England since 1830. London. Routledge, 1987.
Nelson, Claudia B.
Sex and the Single Boy - ideals of manliness and sexuality in Victorian literature for boys.
VICTORIAN STUDIES, Vol.32, No.4, 1989. pp. 525-550.Parker, A. (Ed.) Nationalisms and Sexualities. London, Routledge, 1992. (Chapter 20 - Koven, Seth. 'From Rough Lads to Hooligans - boy-life, national culture and social reform'. pp. 365-401. Excellent.)
Platt, J.H. The Child Savers - the invention of delinquency. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1969.
Plummer, Kenneth (Ed.) The Making of The Modern Homosexual. London. Hutchinson, 1981.
Simeral, I. Reform movements on behalf of children in England in the early nineteenth century, and the agents of those reforms. Clifton, NJ (USA), 1916.
Simpson, A.E. Vulnerability and the age of female consent - legal innovation and its effect on prosecutions for rape in 18th Century London. IN: Maccubbin, R.P. (Ed.) 'Tis Nature's Fault - unauthorized sexuality during the Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press, 1987. (pp. 181-205)
Sinfield, Alan. The Wilde Century - effeminacy, Oscar Wilde, and the Queer movement. London. Routledge, 1994
Showalter, Elaine. Sexual Anarchy - gender and culture at the Fin de Siecle. London, Bloomsbury, 1991.
Smith, L.
Take Back Your Mink - Lewis Carroll, child masquerade and the age-of-consent.
ART HISTORY, vol.16, Spring 1993, pp.369-385. Bib, ill.Smith, Timothy D'Arch. Love In Earnest; some notes on the lives and writings of English 'Uranian' poets from 1889 to 1930. London. Routlege, Keegan and Paul, 1970.
Stafford, Ann. The Age-of-Consent. Hodder and Soughton, London, 1964. (Detailed account of the Stead era and trials. See also Walkowitz, 1993.)
Stanley, Lawrence A.
The Construction of Age-Appropriate Heterosexuality in Late Victorian England.
PAIDIKA (forthcoming..., 1998 ?)Takanishi, Ruby.
Childhood as a Social Issue - historical roots of contemporary child advocacy movements.
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Vol. 34, No. 2, 1978. pp. 8-28. (Very useful timeline included.)Tinkler, Penny.
Constructing Girlhood: Popular Magazines for Girls Growing Up in England 1920-1950. Taylor & Francis, London, 1995.Townsend, Chris.
A picture of innocence.
History Today, 46 (5) May 1996, pp. 8-11, illust, ports.Trudgill, Eric. Madonnas and Magdalens - the origins and developments of Victorian sexual attitudes. Heinemann. London, 1976. ('The Adorable Child' section looks at erotic love of little girls. pp. 90-100)
Wasserman and Rosenfeld. An Overview of the History of Child Sexual Abuse and Sigmund Freud's Contributions. IN: O'Donohue and Geer (Eds) The Sexual Abuse of Children: Theory and Research, Vol I. USA, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc, 1992.
Walkowitz, Judith. City of Dreadful Delight - narratives of sexual danger in late Victorian London. London, Virago, 1993.
Wallace, Jo-Ann. 'Subjects of Discipline - the child's body in the mid-Victorian school novel.' IN: Purdy, Anthony. (Ed.) Literature and the Body. Amsterdam. Rodopi, 1992.
Weeks, J. Coming Out - homosexual politics in Britain from the 19th Century to the present. Quartet, London, 1977.
2) GENERAL BOOKS
Benedict, Helen. Virgin or Vamp - how the press covers sex crimes. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992. 309pp.
Best, Joel. Threatened Children. University of Chicago Press, 1993.
Brongersma, E. (Ed.) Loving Boys - a multidisciplinary study of sexual relations between adults and minor males. G.A.P. Amsterdam, 1987/8. Vol. 1: ISBN 1 55741 001 8. Vol. 2: ISBN 1 55741 001 1.
Cook, M. and Howells, K. Adult Sexual Interest In Children. London. Academic Press, 1981.
Constantine, L. and Martinson, F. Children And Sex - new findings, new perspectives. Little Brown and Co. Boston, 1981. ISBN 0 316 15335 1.
Eberle, P. and Eberle, S. Abuse Of Innocence. Prometheus Books, 1993.
Gardner, R. Sex Abuse Hysteria - the Salem witch-trials revisited. London, 1991. ISBN 0 933812 22 1.
Geraci, Joseph. (Ed.) Dares to Speak -- historical and contemporary perspectives on boy-love. Gay Men's Press. London, 1997.
Grey, Anthony. "What about the children", Chapter 11 in: Speaking of sex: The limits of language, London & New York: Cassell, 1993.
Goode, Erich. Moral Panics - the social construction of deviance. 1994.
Goodyear-Smith, Dr. Felicity "First, Do No Harm", USA, 1995.
Goldman, R. "Show Me Yours !" - Children Talking About Sex. London. Penguin, 1988.
Howitt, Dennis. Paedophiles and Sexual Offenses Against Children. London, John Wiley, 1995. (in "The Psychology of Crime, Policing and Law" series.)
Howitt, Dennis. Child Abuse Errors. Rutgers University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-8135-1916-0.
Ives, Richard. 'Children's sexual rights', in: Franklin, Bob (ed) The rights of children, Oxford/New York: Basil Blackwell, 1986.
Jenkins, Phillip. Intimate Enemies - moral panics in contemporary Great Britain. Aldine De Gryter, Hawthorne NY, 1993. (Excellent)
Kincaid, James R. Erotic Innocence: The Culture of Child Molesting. Duke Univiversity Press, USA, 1998. ISBN: 0822321939.
Kilpatrick, Allie C. Long Range Effects of Child and Adolescent Sexual Experiences: Myths, Mores, and Menaces. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1992.
Li, C.K.; West D.J. and Woodhouse, T.P. Children's Sexual Encounters with Adults: A Scientific Study. Prometheus Books, 1993. (West is a Professor at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge)
Loftus, Dr. Elizabeth. and Ketcham, Katherine. The Myth of Repressed Memory - False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse. New York. St. Martin's Griffin, 1994. ISBN 0-312-14123-8
Money, Dr.John, and Lamacz, Margaret. Vandalised Lovemaps - paraphilic outcome of seven cases in pediatric sexology. Prometheus Books, 1989.
Nathan, Debbie. and Swedeker, Michael. Satan's Silence - Ritual Abuse and the Making of a Modern Witchhunt. Basic Books, 1995.
O'Carroll, T. Paedophilia - The Radical Case. Contemporary Social Issues Series, No. 12. Peter Owen. London, 1980.
Parton, N. The Politics of Child Abuse. London. MacMillan, 1985.
Perry, M. (Ed.) Childhood and Adolescent Sexology. Elsevier Amsterdam, 1990.
Randall, J. L. Childhood and Sexuality - a radical Christian approach. Pittsburgh. Dorrance, 1992. ISBN 0 8059 3284 4. (English author)
Sandford, T. Boys On Their Contacts With Men - A study of sexually expressed relationships. New York. G.A.P., 1987.
Sandford, T; Brongersma, E; and van Naerssen, A. (Eds.) Male Intergenerational Intimacy. 1992.
Spanos, Nicholas P. Multiple Identities and False Memories. American Psychological Association, 1996. (Comprehensive overview of previous research)
Tsang, D. (Ed.) The Age Taboo - gay male sexuality, power and consent. London. Gay Men's Press, 1981. (In USA by Alyson, Boston, 1981)
Wexler, R. Wounded Innocents - the real victims of the war against child abuse. USA. Prometheus Books, 1990. ISBN 0 87975 602 0.
Wilson, G. and Cox, D. The Child-Lovers - a study of paedophilia in society. London, Peter Owen, 1983. ISBN 0 7206 0603 9
3) OTHER ARTICLES IN PROFESSIONAL AND ACADEMIC JOURNALS
'Paidika - Journal of Paedophilia' is worth following, and is available through both the British Library and the Library of Congress.
Brongersma, E.
A defense of sexual liberty for all age groups.
The Howard Journal Of Reform. Vol.27, No.1. Febuary 1988. pp.32-43.Brongersma, E.
Aggression against paedophiles.
International Journal Of Law and Psychiatry. No. 7, 1984. pp. 79-87.Ceri, Stephen J. and Bruck, Maggie.
Suggestibility of the Child Witness - a historical review and synthesis.
Psychological Bulletin, 113:3, (1993), pp. 403-439.Clegg, Sue.
Studying Child Sexual Abuse - Morality or Science ?
Radical Philosophy, 66 (Spring 1994), pp. 31-39Faust, Beatrice (1995). "Child sexuality and age of consent laws: The Netherlands model", Australasian Gay and Lesbian Law Journal, Vol. 5, July 1995.
Fog, Agner.
Paraphilias and Therapy
Nordisk Sexologi, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1992, pp. 236-242.Hacking, Ian.
The Making and Moulding of Child Abuse.
Critical Inquiry, 17 (Winter 1991), pp. 252-288.Hall, J. and Martin, D.
Crimes against children.
New Law Journal, June 26 1992. pp. 902-903.Hall, J.
Can children consent to indecent assault ?
Criminal Law Review, Mar 16th 1996, pp. 184-188, refs.Dennis Howitt
Pornography and the paedophile: Is it criminogenic?,
68 British Journal of Medical Psychology 15, 24 (1995)Jones, G.P.
The Study of intergenerational Intimacy in North America: Beyond Politics and Pedophilia.
Journal of Homosexuality, Vol. 20, pp. 275-295, 1990.Lamb, S.
Sex education as moral education; teaching about pleasure, about fantasy, and against abuse.
Journal Of Moral Education, 26 (3) Sept 1997, pp. 301-315, refs.Leahy, T.
Positively Experienced Man-Boy Sex - the discourse of seduction and the social construction of masculinity.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology. 28 (1), March 1992. pp. 71-88. Refs.Leahy, T. (1994). "Taking up a position: Discourses of femininity and adolescence in the context of man/girl relationships", Gender & Society, 8 (1)
Li, Dr. Chin-Keung
"The Main Thing is Being Wanted"
Journal of Homosexuality (1991), p. 129-143.Menard, J. and Johnson, G.
Incest; family dysfunction or sexual preference ?
Family Therapy, Vol. 19. No. 2. (1992) pp. 115-122.Money, John.
Juvenile, Pedophile, Heterophile: Hermeneutics of Science, Medicine and Law in Two Outcome Studies.
International Journal of Medicine and Law, No. 2, pp. 33-54, 1983.Okami, P.
Self-reports of positive childhood and adolescent sexual contacts with older persons - an exploratory study.
Archives Of Sexual Behaviour. 20 (5), 1991.Okami, P.
"Child perpetrators of sexual abuse"; the emergence of a problematic 'deviant' category.
Journal Of Sex Research, Vol. 29 (Feb. 1992) pp. 109-130.Okami, P.
Personality correlates of pedophilia; are they reliable indicators ?
Journal Of Sex Research, Vol. 29 (Aug 1992) pp. 297-328.Rind, B. and Bausermann, R.
Biased terminology effects and biased information processing in research on adult-nonadult sexual interactions - an empirical investigation.
Journal of Sex Research 30 (3), August 1993, pp. 260-269. Tables, Refs.Defining normal child sexuality; an anthropological approach.
Annual Review of Sex Research, 5, 1994, pp. 173-217, refs.
4) BOOK CHAPTERS AND RELATED MATERIAL:
Anderson, Priscilla. Children's Consent to Surgery. Oxford University Press, 1994 (Concludes that "...beyond any doubt, many children, even young ones, can digest information and make decisions about themselves and their bodies as well as most adults.")
Baurmann, M.C. Sexuality, violence, and Psychological After- Effects: A Longitudinal Study of Cases of Sexual Assault Which Were Reported To The Police. Wiesbaden: Bundeskriminalamt, Germany, 1988.
( Massive longitudinal study of all reported victims of sexual offenses against minors in the German State of Lower Saxony from 1969-1972, with six to ten year follow-up, under the direction of the German Ministry of Justice. Total sample is over 8,000, including over 800 boys up to age 14. )'On Naked Children', IN: Adair, Gilbert. Surfing The Zietgeist. Faber and Faber, London, 1997.
Califa, Pat. Public Sex - essays on the culture of radical sex. Cleis Press, 1994. ISBN 930416891.
Evans, David. T. Sexual Citizenship - the material construction of sexualities. London & New York. Routledge, 1993. [ Chapter 8; 'Embryonic citizenship - children as sexual objects and subjects'. ]
'Passion Designs - eros, pedagogy and the (re) negotiation of desire', IN: Kelly, Ursula A., Schooling Desire - Literacy, Cultural Politics and Pedagogy. Routledge. London and New York, 1997. p. 123 ff
Okami, P. . Sociopolitical biases in the contemporary scientific literature on adult human sexual behavior with children and adolescents. In J. Feierman (Ed.), Pedophilia (pp. 91-121). New York: Springer Verlag, 1990.
Plummer, K. Chapter 8. The paedophile's progress; a view from below. IN: Taylor, B. (Ed.) Perspectives On Paedophilia. London. Batsford, 1981. ISBN 07134 37189.
Shiltz, L.G. Child sexual abuse in historical perspective. IN: Conte, J.R. and Shore, D. (Eds.) 'Social Work and Child Sexual Abuse'. New York. Haworth Press, 1982. pp. 21-35.
Wiener, Jerry M. (Ed.) Textbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. American Psychiatric Press/American Psychiatric Association, 1997. (Has a good chapter giving a relatively balanced and up-to-date overview of research on the topic. Concludes that before 1990 "studies appear designed solely to support popular beliefs about sexual abuse" and "research in sexual abuse has severe methodological shortcomings". Second Edition, ISBN 1-882103-03-3)
5) SOME NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINE ARTICLES. post-1990
Barrie, E.
Speak of the wolf - and see his tail.
New Statesman and Society. 21.08.92. pp. 22-23. (Many references to current European research)Brindle, David.
Child Protection - Shoddy Dealings
The Guardian ('Society') 21.02.96, page 7.Byatt, A.S.
Making a mockery of suffering.
Sunday Times (London), December 22 1996. (Berates the salacious reporting of child abuse cases)False Memories Wreck 100,000 families.
The Observer, 08.12.96, p1.Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose.
Forced memories of sex abuse fuel an industry.
The Sunday Telegraph 05.12.93. p.25Cash, William.
An American Tradition.
The Spectator. 11.09.93. pp.15-17.
(Backed-up by solid statistics, and resumes of the findings of recent US research.)Coward, R.
A culture obsessed with abuse.
The Observer. 06.06.93. p.54.Eaton, L.
Child Abuse...who's counting ?
The Guardian. April 1993. (Questions the basis of child abuse statistics)Jervis, Margaret.
First, confess sexual abuse.
The Guardian. 03.02.93.Jervis, Margaret.
Virtual reality of tricks of memory.
The Sunday Telegraph. 13.02.94. p.13McDonald, Victoria. and Elliot, Valerie.
Satanic networks dismissed in two reports.
The Sunday Telegraph 13.02.94. p. 13.Parris, Matthew.
Opinion - Call off the lynch mob.
The Times (London) April 10 1998.
(One of the best analyses of the current situation in the UK)Sandler, F.
To Miss with love.
The Guardian (2), 21.09.93. p. 17.
(Four interviews with lesbians who fell in love with their teachers as schoolgirls, and where the love was returned.)Steen, E.
Has child sex reached the age of consent ?
The Independent On Sunday. 18.11.90.Waterhouse, R.
At Breaking Point.
The Independent on Sunday (Review supplement) 25.10.92. pp. 6-9.Waterhouse, R.
Goverment Enquiry Decides Satanic Abuse Does Not Exist.
Independent on Sunday, 24.04.94, p. 1.Wilson, Elizabeth.
Immoral panics - sensationalising paedophilia evades the issue.
New Statesman and Society. 30.08.90. pp.18-19.
6) Some terms used through history:
( What follows is _not_ meant to be an endorsement of any of these terms as correct / accurate / useful -- only to document some of the many labels which have been applied by others or been chosen by paedophiles themselves.
I feel the mere fact that there have been so many attempts to slap a label on 'it' illustrates the extent to which such desires are able to evade being 'known' by official discourses.)
Terms used in early periods:
eraste's [active - Laius]
ero'menos [passive - Ganymede, Pelops]
catamite [passive; for which Swinburne's 'calamite' was a Whitmaniacal pun based on a mis-spelling of Whitman's homoerotic 'Calamus' poems]
Sodomite
Paederast
Paiderastia
Doric
Dorian
'In the Cretan manner'
'Socratic' ['Socratic love' was common up to the late 18th & early 19th, when it began to lose ground under the classical renaissance and the realization (through more people learning Greek) that Socrates had actually rejected Alcibiades.]
Middle:
bugger [from 'bougerie'; which would then account for Noel Coward's "we can always call them Bulgarians"]
'Lover of green fruit'
'Greek love'
Paiderastia
Pederast
Sodomite [the terms applied to all ages of same-sex love]
Variations:
sodomit
sodomight
sodamite
sodemyte
Late - 1850s onwards:
'Greek love' [for the well-educated]
Invert
Third-sexer
Knabenliebe ['boy-lover' - Germany]
Intersexual
Uranian
Urning
Urningthum
Bugger [slang]
Queer [slang]
Calamite [coined by Swinburne, after Whitman's Calamus poems. Although a pun on Catamite, probably not meant harshly, as Swinburne had a taste in boys himself.]
Pedophil [early 1890s ? in a letter by Symonds. Symonds uses 'paiderastia'
a lot (and unisexual once, though he doesn't like it, and hates the macaronic 'homosexual', preferring Urning and Urningthum.]
'Love that dare not speak its name' [after trial of Wilde and his famous speech about "the love of an older man for a younger"]
Paedophile [1900s onwards - in sexology literature only at first ??] Oxford English Dictionary has:
"Paedophile, also pedo (from the Greek for 'loving children') - a person with paedophilia." Citations from 1951-1977. "Paedophilia, also pedo, paido - an abnormal, esp. sexual, love of young children." Citations from 1906-1973.
Chivalry [not used as an identity label per se, but used to identify boy-loving desires. Another Whitman term, parallel to Comrade]
Manly love [ditto]
1950s onwards:
Chicken-hawk [USA gay subculture, inherited from African-American use ?]
'Like Lewis Carroll'
Nympholeptic [from 'Lolita']
Nymphophilia [girls] Child molester Ephebophile [lover of teenagers - in sexology literature only]
Nonce [slang]
Homophile [USA, activist]
Pedophile [Americanism of paedophile]
Late 1970s onwards:
Child-lover
Boy-lover
Girl-lover
Pedosexual
Korephile [Woman who loves girls, seems to have been invented by girl-loving lesbians themselves...]
1990s:
Troll [applied by some USA gay men to boy-lovers, slang]
Stranger [in the literature of the child-abuse industry]
Predator [USA, allusion to the creature in the action-film 'Predator']
Abuser
Serial pedophile [an allusion to 'serial killer']
Heterosexual pedophile
Homosexual pedophile
Fixated pedophile
Queer [in the activist usage which is inclusive of _all_ forms of sexual dissidence. There is another parallel sub-cultural usage which is meant to indicate a hyper- aggressive and _ex_clusive adult-adult homosexuality.]
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