München: 1973 in Holland an 60 Pädophilen durchgeführte psychologische Untersuchung. Etwa ein Drittel der Testpersonen zeigte ein "tension state" (im Sinne emotionaler überempfindlichkeit), umgekehrt zeigten sich ca. 25 % der Untersuchten psychisch stabil. Das Testresultat liegt damit jeweils etwas schlechter als im Schnitt der niederländischen Bevölkerung. "Aus den Ergebnissen wird gefolgert, daß sich Pädophile an für sie unmögliche und unerwünschte Normen nicht anpassen können, ohne psychisch und/oder körperlich aus dem Gleichgewicht zu geraten."
Der vorliegende ethnosoziologische Beitrag bemüht sich um eine Darstellung des sexuellen Impulses solcher Menschen, die enge körperlich-seelische Kontakte mit präpubertären Kindern jenen mit Erwachsenen vorziehen und bei welchen der fragliche Impuls ein integrales Moment der Gesamtpersönlichkeit ist. Schon vorab sei betont, daß Kontakte dieser Art prinzipiell gewaltfrei sind (sind sie es nicht, liegt keine Pädophilie vor, sondern ein strafrechtlich zu betrachtendes Delikt).
Divided 262 phallometrically diagnosed pedophiles into heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual groups, according to the sex of their victims. Each group was then divided into 3 subgroups according to degree of admitting to an erotic preference for children. They were compared among each other and with 47 self-professed heterosexual and 20 self-professed homosexual male volunteers phallometrically diagnosed as having an erotic preference for physically mature partners. The comparison was in regard to phallometrically assessed "erotic gender differentiation." Results demonstrate that gender differentiation of even the fully admitting heterosexual pedophiles was significantly weaker than that of the heterosexual controls, and the gender differentiation of the fully admitting homosexual pedophiles was significantly weaker than that of both groups of controls. Gender differentiation of the nonadmitting heterosexual pedophiles was significantly weaker than that of the heterosexual pedophiles who fully admitted to their paraphilia. This was demonstrated to be caused by the nonadmitters suppression of responses.
DD: Why use such a negative term (deficient gender differentiation) to describe a neutral thing (more bisexual and less specifical hetero- or homosexual feelings)? Besides that, the results are not much of a surprise: I don't know whether normosexual or pedophile stimuli were used for the pedophiles, but in the first case, the generally lower attraction will likely be connected on itself with a lower difference in response (not to mention that some boy-lovers are heterosexual in their same-age attraction), while in the second case the differences between male and female children simply are smaller than those between male and female adults.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has included three subgroups of pedophilic disorder based on the gender of the victim, the exclusiveness of the subject's preference for children, and whether the behavior is limited to incest. This study uses the pedophile's preference for age of victim as a means of delineating two distinct subgroups. The first group of so-called 'infantophiles' had victims who were less than five years old, while the latter subgroup of pedophiles had victims between the ages of 6 and 12 years (n = 38). The primary purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that these two subgroups, based on the age of the victims, can be further distinguished by descriptive parameters. Various standardized questionnaires were administered to the subjects. The results of the study are discussed and suggestions made with regard to future research efforts.
Pedophiles use varying degrees of persuasion, coercion, and physical force in their sexual assaults. Pedophiles may also display aggressiveness and characteristics of hostility in nonsexual areas of their behavior. This study (N = 263) investigates the relationship between pedophiles with aggressive tendencies and the degree of sexual violence in their pedophilic acts. The degree of sexual violence was rated subjectively after a comprehensive psychiatric and psycho-sexual assessment and obtaining collateral information from police reports and witness statements. The degree of sexual violence was also rated more objectively using the penile plethysmography. Strict DSM-IV pedophilic disorder criteria were adopted for this study. The authors discuss whether sexual violence in a pedophilic population is focused to sexual areas or tends to be more generalized in other physically aggressive and hostile areas.
Although the importance of examining child molesters' thoughts about themselves and others is recognized, approaches to the assessment of molesters' cognitions have yet to be examined in detail. We compared the responses of 57 incarcerated child molesters, 50 incarcerated offenders without sexual offenses, and 30 nonincarcerated men recruited from the community on a specially constructed version of the Semantic Differential. The Semantic Differential data showed a reasonable factor structure and, when repeated on a subgroup of respondents after roughly eight weeks, acceptable temporal reliability. Differences emerged between molesters and nonmolesters in their actual and ideal self-descriptions (e.g., nonmolesters described themselves as cleaner, harder, more erotic, and more seductive). Women were seen as less erotic by molesters than nonmolesters. Within the child molester group, offenders who had killed their young victims described males as more deceitful but more seductive than did those with less violent offenses. Modifications to the Semantic Differential and implications for further forensic research and clinical work are discussed.
Starting from the question 'why does the pedophile select the child as his sexual partner rather than an adult female' the author reviews some literature about this topic. Many studies see the child victim as a physical stimulus to which the offender responds with sexual excitement. Other studies provide information about the nature of social interactions in the pedophilic act and also the nature of the social difficulties that might predispose a person to pedophilia. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interpersonal perception of pedophilic offenders using a Repertory Grid technique. It is assumed that social behaviour in related to an reflected by the person's construction of other people. and that people experiencing social difficulties will reflect these difficulties in the nature of the constructs they use to describe other people. The results are discussed.
The fixated/regressed typology of child molesters has been widely used in classifying molesters. Although the terminology is psychodynamic in origin, cognitive correlations for the two types can be identified. A research instrument designed to assess child molester cognitions, attitudes, and background characteristics was administered to 94 molesters, one-third of whom had been identified as fixated and two-thirds as regressed. Data analysis yielded results which were generally supportive of the criteria for the two types. Fixated molesters were likely to be more child-centered, to molest male children outside the family, to come from "broken" homes, and to use alcohol less frequently than regressed molesters. Regressed molesters were likely to be better adjusted, to molest female children outside the family and to come from intact homes.
DD: In my terminology 'fixated child molesters' are pedophiles, 'regressed child molesters' are pseudo-pedophiles or situational molesters.
Cite (Sandfort): Besides pathological cases, there are people who label themselves as paedophiles and live meaningful and happy lives; they don't want to get rid of their desires. I came across these people in the paedophile milieu. I also saw some of them in the research done at the State University of Utrecht on a small group of paedophiles. This study suggested why some paedophiles adjust better than others. The ones that do better seem to be those:
München: Rüdiger Lautmann, Soziologe und Jurist, informiert über ein in Deutschland bisher einmaliges Forschungsvorhaben an der Universitdt Bremen zur ``Phänomenologie sexueller Kontakte zwischen Erwachsenen und Kindern''. Es geht nicht um ``Fälle'', nicht um Psychiatrie und nicht um Kriminologie. Erkundet wird die Lebenswirklichkeit selbstbewußter Pädophiler, die in langen kontrollierten Interviews von sich und ihren Kontakten zu Kindern erzählten.
S.80: ``Der Pädophile behandelt das Kind als Subjekt, nicht als Objekt einer sexuellen Handlung. So jedenfalls lautet sein Ideal, und so lesen sich die allermeisten der uns berichteten Einzelgeschichten.''
S.118: ``Die Kinder begegnen im Pädophilen einem sexuell zurückgenommenen Erwachsenen. Wenn er auch nicht verzichtet, so setzt er an Genitalität weit weniger ein, als andere Erwachsene das tun. Ein Analogieschluß von der uns bekannten Homo- oder Heterosexualität auf die Pädophilie wdre empirisch falsch. Unter reifen Menschen werden sexuelle Wünsche angemeldet und abgehandelt. Im Verhältnis mit dem Kinde herrschen asymmetrische Gefühle. Der ältere weiß, daß jedes Zuweit die Beziehung aufs Spiel setzen würde.''
Sehr um Objektivität bemühte Studie, die aufgrund von sechzig Interviews mit pädophilen Männern das Phänomen Pädophilie zu beschreiben versucht. Ergebnis ist u.a., daß bei den meisten Befragten eine sehr große Sensibilität für den Willen der Kinder vorhanden ist, daß sie den Unterschied ihrer Sexualität zu der der Kinder durchaus reflektieren und nichts tun wollen, was die Kinder nicht in Ordnung finden. Wegen dieser gegenwärtig politisch unkorrekten Ergebisse wird Rüdiger Lautmann mangelnde Distanz zu Pädophilen vorgeworfen und er wird seither von interessierter Seite heftig angefeindet.
Pedophilia is always considered by mainstream society as one form of sexual abuse of children. However, analysis of the personal accounts provided by pedophiles suggests that these experiences shoudl be understood differently. This paper attempts to document some aspects of the pedophiles' construction of their sexuality, to provide illustarations of how these individuals understand themselves.
Pedophiles and child molesters share some characteristics. Most are male, and they can be heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. Some prefer adult sex partners but choose children because they are available and vulnerable. The sexual abuse perpetrated may be a 1-time incident and may consist only of fondling. Penetration is unlikely with young children. Perpetrators' ages range from teens to midlife. Most victims are girls, and the perpetrator usually is a relative, friend, or neighbor. The home of the victim is often the setting for the incident. When boys are victims, sexual abuse may take place outside the home, and perpetrators may be strangers. Perpetrators of sexual abuse of children often claim that they themselves were victims of childhood sexual abuse. Psychological profiles are helpful but are compromised partly because many perpetrators are prisoners and control groups are lacking for this research.
Cite: [D]ocumented that the vast majority of individuals with pedophilia showed no evidence of either antisocial or narcissistic personality disorder.
Cite (Brongersma): Toen de Nederlandse orthopedagoge Loes Rouweler-Wutz een studie over pedofilie wilde schrijven, wendde zij zich tot negen pedagogische en orthopedagogische instellingen met de vraag, haar voorbeeldne te geven van gevallen waarin een kind schade had opgelopen door ervaringen met pedofilie. Het antwoord was zonder uitzondering dat ze nooit een geval waren tegengekomen waarin een kind 'slachtoffer' was geworden van seksuele contacten die het zelf wenste.
Idem: Rouweler-Wutz vond bij een onderzoek in een groep pedofielen dat 47 procent in de laatste twee jaren zowel blijvende als vluchtige contacten hadden, twaalf procent alleen vaste verhoudingen, tien procent alleen losse ontmoetingen en 31 procent helemaal geen omgang met jongens.
Idem: Rouweler-Wutz kwam bij haar onderzoek tot de slotsom, dat de bedoelingen van degenen die van kinderen houden dikwijls meer op genegenheid dan op seks gericht zijn, en gedragen door een grotere bekommering over het welbevinden van de jongere partner dan over zijn eigen. Onder de zestig mannen van haar onderzoek vond 86 procent de vriendschap met een jongen belangrijker dan de seksuele omgang, slechts elf procent dacht daar anders over. Vriendschap zonder seks zag 73 procent als een mogelijkheid, slechts negentien procent geloofde daar niet in. Wanneer de jongen seksuele intimiteit zou afwijzen, zou vijf procent de omgang afbreken, maar 81 procent zou dit stellig niet doen, en veertien procent wist het niet zeker.
In this study, attachment theory was applied to three samples: male university students (controls), male nonoffending victims of sexual assault, and convicted male pedophiles. Adult attachment styles are investigated along with developmental histories of neglect, punishment, and sexual and physical abuse. It is proposed that adult attachment styles will differ among the pedophiles and the other two groups, and the duration of participants' adult sexual relationships would vary with the amount of sexual and other trauma that they reported experiencing as young people. If these were confirmed, it would indicate that attachment style was a significant factor in the developmental history of pedophiles and male victims of sexual assault The results of this study indicated that the victims and controls experienced more security of attachment than the pedophiles, who were found to have an insecure attachment style. Victims and pedophiles were found to have experienced similar levels of early abuse and trauma.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether pedophiles have a weaker identity structure compared with nonsexual offenders.
METHOD: The recruitment process secured the participation of 87 male adult subjects, divided into three groups: 27 pedophiles who abused male victims (X = 38.6 years), 30 pedophiles who abused female victims (X = 35.5 years), 30 nonsexual offenders (X = 29.8 years). The concept of identity was examined on the basis of two factors: body image limits and ego identity. Two objective tests, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Ego Identity Scale, and one projective test, the Rorschach scored according to the Fisher and Cleveland method, were used.
RESULTS: A multivariate analysis of covariance, at a significance threshold of p < .05, indicated that pedophiles who abused female victims and pedophiles who abused male victims have more fragile body image limits, as measured by the penetration score, and present a higher level of social introversion (Si scale) than do nonsexual offenders. Moreover, pedophiles who abused male victims have a weaker ego (Es scale) than do pedophiles who abused female victims and nonsexual offenders. In other respects, no significant intergroup difference emerged in terms of body image limits as measured by the barrier score and of strength of ego identity (Ego Identity Scale).
CONCLUSIONS: Conceptual and empirical elements related to body image and ego identity are addressed to shed light on the potential disturbances in the identity of pedophile subjects. These results imply not only that certain impairments exist at the level of the basis structures of the personality, but also that these impairments should be taken into account in formulating a program and devising a therapeutic process for pedophiles.
DD: The weakness of this article, at least from our point of view, should be readily apparent: These researchers claim to have studied 'pedophiles', but in reality dealt with 'pedosexuals'. Their selection of pedophile participants is such, that there will be many non-pedophiles in that group.
PRD: Study of answers from a questionairre answered by 77 PIE members in Britain in the late 1970s. Also includes case-studies. Very interesting, but although non-condemnatory it is not wholly positive.
München: Sozialwissenschaftliche Untersuchung zur Pädophilie. The data presented here are unique in that this paedophile sample was drawn neither from medical case records nor from prison files. Rather, they were self-confessed paedophiles "at large" within the community and to some extend committed to their life-style, some of them being PIE-members. In ihrer Zusammenfassung plädieren die Autoren unter den gegebenen gesellschaftlichen Umständen nicht für eine Abschaffung der Gesetze gegen einvernehmliche Sexualität zwischen Erwachsenen und Kindern, obwohl sie deren Unschädlichkeit feststellen, sondern fordern einen diskreten Umgang der Polizei mit "Tätern" und "Opfern".