Cite (Brongersma): Berger bericht van gemeenschappen waar de ouders hun kinderen volledig vrijlieten. Tegen de tijd dat ze vijf of zes waren, begonnen de kleintjes spontaan met geslachtsverkeer. Hun seksuele belangstelling 'golfde onregelmatig op en neer; soms waren er perioden dat ze erg actief waren, dan weer scheen de belangstelling vrijwel verdwenen. Zowel tegenover de volwassenen als tegenover andere kinderen waren ze volstrekt openhartig over hun seksuele ervaringen; seks was leuk, maar niet het allerbelangrijkste voor ze.'
München: Der bekannte Sexualforscher befaßt sich in diesem Buch u.a. mit den biologischen Aspekten der Kindersexualität, der Sexualerziehung in Schule und Elternhaus und sehr eingehend mit der Interpretation erotischer Kinderverse, die das Mdrchen von der kindlichen Asexualität widerlegen. Das Standardwerk des 1995 durch Freitod verstorbenen Sexualwissenschaftlers, in dem unter biologischen, psychologischen und sozialen Aspekten der Wissensstand zum Thema dargestellt wird.
Cite: Although Borneman's studies were primarily observational, he essentially followed the Piaget model of also asking generalized questions about what could be called sexual issues and getting a variety of answers from his subjects at different stages in their lives. A large number of children (a thousand or so) were involved over a long period of time.
Borneman's method resulted in his being accused by some elements of the German speaking press of being a pedophile because of his interest in children, although his data were published. He emphasizes what we already knew - that children are very sexual beings - but he gives the kind of detail which should be helpful to all of us. But his work has more or less been ignored. Only one of his studies has been translated into English, and that was the more general one and not the more detailed follow-up study. No one has yet dared replicate Borneman's work. It is the ever-present danger of being accused of pedophilia which makes the research so dangerous and debilitating that few individuals are able to risk it. Borneman himself did not begin his studies on children until he was near retirement age and finished them in his eighties, perhaps to avoid such charges, albeit unsuccessfully.
München: Sexuelles Interesse, sexuelle Wünsche und Aktivitäten bestehen lange vor der Pubertät. Prof. Broderick untersucht die typische sexuelle Entwicklung von der "frühen Kindheit" (0 bis 6 Jahre) über die "mittlere Kindheit" (6 bis 12 Jahre) bis zur "Jugendzeit" (Pubertät bis Adoleszenz). Er beschreibt, wie die Sexualität von Kindheit an durch Familie, Gleichaltrigen-Gruppe und Gesellschaft kontrolliert, kanalisiert und auf die traditionellen Normvorstellungen hin sozialisiert wird.
Cite: Elias and Gebhard found social class- and gender-interaction, with boys from lower social classes demonstrating knowledge of sexual behavior at an earlier age than boys from upper classes. This contrasted with findings obtained on girls from upper social classes, who knew more about sexual behavior than girls from lower social classes.
Publisher: Using a literary approach, Francoeur traces the influence of religious doctrines on the sexual development of children in Western society.
Verslag van de studiedag die werd gehouden op 29 september 1999 te Nieuwegein en georganiseerd werd door de Rutgers Stichting, het NISSO en de NVVS. Er kwamen met name idealen naar voren met betrekking tot een gezonde positieve seksuele ontwikkeling van kinderen. Tevens kwam naar voren dat er nog hiaten zijn in de voorlichting ondanks inspanningen van ouders en school.
Quote: Sexual health is more than the absence of sexual pathology. The anatomy, gender and function of the human body is the foundation of identity. The awareness of the sexual self as an integrated aspect of identity begins in infancy with the attitudes about the physical body communicated by the caretakers.
The sexual response cycle as described by William Masters, M.D. and Virginia Johnson, M.A., is present at birth, and there is evidence that the neurological maturation necessary to produce penile erections occurs in utero. The development and expression of the erotic response throughout the human lifespan is not a well studied phenomenon, and normative data have not been compiled for sexual behaviors of childhood and adolescence. As we know it, the erotic response consists of a complex interplay of physiological and psychological factors that are highly susceptible to familial, religious and cultural folkways, mores and attitudes. The styles of acceptable sexual attitude and expression fluctuate historically and culturally between generally positive and generally negative polarities. At this time, our own restrictive culture time is still preoccupied with imposing sexual constraints rather than promoting sexual competencies as a basic value system. We are certainly less zealous in this pursuit than the repressive Victorians, but fears of sexual excess and pleasure leading to a fall from grace are deeply imbedded in the Judeo-Christian ethic. The impacts of this often unconscious attitude on child rearing are the overt and/or covert discouragement of sexual interest, curiosity, expression and sexual behavior of children in the presence of adults and the continual obfuscation of the scientific answer to the question ?What is normal??
Sexually permissive cultures not only allow a less fettered expression of adult sexuality, but may give little attention to the sexual behaviors of children as long as they are not blatantly displayed. Sexually supportive cultures, believing that sex is indispensable to human happiness, encourage early sexual expression as a means of developing adult sexual competency and positive sexual attitudes. The children in sexually permissive and sexually supportive societies display a similar developmental pattern that is not apparent in sexually restrictive and sexually repressive societies: [...]
DD: Uitgebreid overzicht van de ontwikkeling van de sexualiteit van het kind, jaar voor jaar, en een lijst van sexuele stoornissen die zich in de kinderperiode kunnen ontwikkelen.
Intimacy as experienced in best friendships was studied with respect to sex differences and sex roles, and the development of components of intimacy in childhood and adolescence. Results from a sample of 218 individuals aged 8 to 14 showed that best friendship intimacy is relatively low at age 8, but increases in late childhood; that some components of intimacy develop earlier than other components; and that traditional sex differences, which typically find females higher than males in intimacy, are better explained as sex role differences in which females and androgynous males form a homogeneous high intimacy group, while sex-typed males score significantly lower.
Conclusions: Sexuality in children is not only a simple matter of sexual arousal. Psychosexual development seems to include at least:
Cite (Langfeldt): Recent studies indicate that spontaneous lubrication and clitoral erection occur in newborns.
Cite: Only a few descriptive studies have focused exclusively on childhood sexuality.
This study examined whether current sexual behavior and sexual adjustment in a sample of 433 college students differed as a function of having engaged in sexual activity with other children during preadolescence (prior to age 13) and/or early adolescence (ages 13-15). Four groups were compared: subjects who only had an early adolescent sexual experience; subjects who had both preadolescent and early adolescent experiences; subjects who had no sexual experience with another child during either preadolescence or early adolescence. There were no significant differences between these groups on measures of incidence of premarital intercourse, age at first intercourse, number of different intercourse partners, sexual satisfaction, sexual arousal, or sexual dysfunctions. It was concluded that in general the simple occurrence or nonoccurrence of sexual activity among children during these developmental periods has little impact, either positive or negative, on later sexual adjustment during young adulthood. Some expections, depending on the specific types of childhood sexual activity involved, were noted.
Cite (Martinson): Infantile (and even prenatal) sensual behavior has been documented; it is now known, for example, that fetuses sometimes suck their thumbs, fingers, and toes, and that male babies are capable from birth of penile erections, and female babies of vaginal lubrication.
Idem: A young child is capable of fantasizing, but the extent of experience and therefore the richness of recall is limited.
Quote: The purpose of this chapter is to discuss what we know about sexuality in the normal child and what our responses are to what we know.
DD: The beginning of sensory awareness and erotic feelings already happens in young children (or even foetuses). Still, sexuality also requires a level of mental capacity that is probably only developed later in childhood, so it is unclear whether we may speak about 'sexuality' here. Sex-negativity in child raising is still a problem, although things seem to be slightly improving.
Cite: The results of research on childhood sexuality are summarized by Martinson and Langfeldt.
Contemporary concern over paedophilia and child sexual abuse usually rests upon uncritical and under-theorized conceptions of childhood sexualities. This article examines some these assumptions and then outlines the social `constructionist' alternative. Focusing upon the process by which a child comes to script its sexual world, a number of central dimensions are posed: the scripting of absences, of values, of secrecy, of utility, of gender and of generation. By analyzing the complexity of childhood sexualities, the implications for cross-generational sexuality may be clarified.
Cite (Sandfort): Onderzoek naar seksuele contacten van kinderen is verricht vanuit meer of minder impliciete ideeën over seksualiteit, over de positie van jongeren en ouderen in de samenleving, en meer in het algemeen over hoe de werkelijkheid in elkaar zit.
Voordracht bij het in ontvangst nemen van de Van Emde Boas-Van Ussel Prijs 1999. Onderwerp is de seksualiteit van kinderen (jonger dan 12 jaar). Er wordt een brede definitie van seksualiteit als uitgangspunt genomen. Van de seksualiteit van kinderen maken geslachtelijkheid, lichamelijkheid en intimiteit deel uit. Al deze aspecten worden gevormd en ontwikkeld vanaf het moment dat kinderen geboren worden, en soms zelfs al daarvoor.
Cite: [S]exual behavior varies from culture to culture.